How and Where to Get COVID-19 Vaccines in Virginia

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• New vaccines target just one strain of the COVID-19 omicron variant, called XBB.1.5. 
• Almost everyone is eligible for the shots. 
• Vaccines are available at pharmacies, clinics and doctor’s offices. Search for vaccination sites by zip code at Vaccines.gov.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says most people are eligible for COVID-19 vaccinations.

• Pfizer and Moderna: The updated  mRNA vaccines became available in September 2023 and replaced previous versions. The CDC recommends that people 6 months and older get the updated vaccine (no longer referred to as a booster), which targets a more recent strain of the omicron variant.
  
  People 5 and older should get one dose of the updated vaccine, regardless of how many and which vaccines they previously received. Children 6 months to 4 years old may need more than one shot, depending on their age and vaccination status, according to  CDC recommendations.

• Novavax: The updated  vaccine, which uses a more  traditional technology, was authorized in October 2023 for people 12 and older and replaces previous versions. It targets a more recent strain of the omicron variant and is an alternative for people who cannot or will not get an mRNA vaccine.  You will need two shots given three weeks apart for a full primary series. You may get a single dose if you’ve been previously vaccinated and have not received an updated Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccine. 

The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is no longer available  in the U.S.

The CDC recommends that adults 65 and older get a dose of the 2023/2024 vaccine for added protection, as long as it's been at least four months since the last shot.

People with compromised immune systems may receive additional doses, depending on their vaccination history. More information is available at the CDC’s website.

Vaccines are administered at retail pharmacies, including Walgreens, Walmart and CVS, clinics and other locations, such as doctor’s offices. Use the federal government’s website Vaccines.gov to search for vaccination sites by zip code. Get the same information by texting your zip code to 438829 or by calling 800-232-0233. You can check with your primary care physician’s office to see if COVID-19 vaccinations are offered. If you are a veteran, the Department of Veterans Affairs offers COVID-19 vaccinations at VA facilities. Sign up online or call 800-827-1000 to make an appointment.

More information about COVID-19 vaccines is available at the Virginia Division of Immunization website. You can use the provider locator to find locations where vaccines are available. Or you can contact the state’s call center at 877-829-4682 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday with questions about the vaccine.

The federal government no longer covers the cost of the vaccines, but most people with Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance will not have to pay.

Children 18 and younger may qualify to receive no-cost or low-cost vaccines through the federal Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program.

The Virginia Vaccines for Children program (VVFC) will provide children who are underinsured or insured with COVID-19 vaccines. Use this locator tool to find a provider.

It’s safe and effective to receive an updated Pfizer, Moderna or Novavax vaccine at least two months after your last dose — no matter which brand you’ve received, including Johnson & Johnson.

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The updated vaccines only target one strain of the omicron variant, called XBB.1.5, and are recommended by the CDC to protect against more recently circulating strains of the virus. The bivalent boosters, released in 2022, targeted the original strain of the virus and two omicron subvariants, BA.4 and BA.5. The Novavax booster targeted only the original strain of the virus.

Vaccine manufacturers are once again working to update the vaccines for the 2024-2025 respiratory virus season. The redesigned shots, which should be available in the fall, will target a strain of the virus that is causing a significant share of infections this summer.

Some vaccination sites ask for proof of identity or eligibility. Bring a driver’s license or other state-issued ID that shows your name, age and state residency, along with your health insurance card.

The CDC no longer distributes vaccine cards, and  they are not required to receive a vaccine. If you’ve lost your vaccine card, you can call the site where you were vaccinated to request a new one or a copy of your vaccination record.

You also can request a copy of your COVID-19 vaccine record through the state’s vaccination record request portal.

It’s common to experience mild to moderate side effects after getting vaccinated, such as soreness in the arm, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, nausea, fever or chills — but these are temporary “and normal signs that your body is building protection,” the CDC says.

A small number of vaccine recipients have experienced adverse reactions to the shots.

According to the CDC, it is safe to receive the flu vaccine and updated COVID-19 vaccines simultaneously, although you are a little more likely to experience side effects, such as a headache and fatigue. Adults 75 or older (and those 60 to 74 with certain underlying health conditions) who are encouraged to get the RSV vaccine may receive that at the same time as the others, but some health experts suggest spacing them out. If you had the RSV vaccine last year, you don’t need another one this year.

Contact your health care provider for more information.

The U.S. government no longer distributes COVID-19 vaccines to long-term care facilities. That means nursing homes, assisted living facilities and other long-term care settings are responsible for coordinating COVID-19 vaccination programs for their residents and staff. Most long-term care facilities have partnerships with pharmacies or health departments to provide vaccines for flu, COVID-19 and other illnesses.

Long-term care facilities that receive Medicare and/or Medicaid dollars are required by  federal law  to educate residents, their representatives and staff about COVID-19 vaccines and offer a COVID-19 vaccine to residents, resident representatives and staff.

All vaccines reduce the risk of COVID-19 infections and are highly effective at preventing severe illness and death from the disease. No vaccine is 100 percent effective, and infections can still occur postvaccination.

Be aware that scammers often purport to offer COVID-19 vaccines and treatments and try to charge for them. The  AARP Fraud Watch Network is tracking the latest scams.

Virginia residents who believe they’ve encountered a COVID-19 scam can report it to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General by calling 800-447-8477 or by submitting a complaint online.

Editor's note: This guide was last published Oct. 6, 2023, and has been updated with new information.

Elissa Chudwin covers federal and state policy and writes the podcast Today’s Tips from AARP. She previously worked as a digital producer for The Press Democrat in Santa Rosa, California, and as an editor for Advocate magazines in Dallas.

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